邦补填遣袜堕弥腥珐冗倾咆萌
Chapter One： Invitations to Linguistics 第一单元语言学导论测试
1、 Chomsky made the distinction between ___.
答案: competence and performance
2、 As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct” linguistic behavior, it is said to be _____.
答案: descriptive
3、 “I can refer to Confucius even though he died 2000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of ____.
答案: displacement
4、 In broad terms, linguists agree to define language as a system of ____vocal symbols used for human communication.
答案: arbitrary
5、 There are some well-known theories about the origin of language, among which______ proposes an extremely specific connection between physical and oral gesture.
答案: the oral-gesture theory
6、 holds that language originated from people’s imitations of animal cries and other sounds heard in nature.
答案: The bow-wow theory
7、 When people use language to express attitudes, feelings and emotions, people are using the ______function of language.
答案: emotive
8、 Which of the following statements is NOT true?
答案: Language consists of the systems of sounds and grammar.
9、 By is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.
答案: duality
10、 All languages have three major components: a sound system, a system of lexicogrammar and a system of semantics.
答案: 正确
11、 Now linguists have known the specific origins of human languages.
答案: 错误
12、 “Language operates by rules” is a fundamental view about language.
答案: 正确
13、 When people use language to indulge in itself for its own sake, people are using the poetic function of language.
答案: 正确
14、 According to Halliday’s theory of metafunctions of language, interpersonal function enacts social relationship.
答案: 正确
15、 According to Chomsky, a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic performance.
答案: 错误
16、 The bow-wow theory is based on the fact that modern languages have some words with pronunciations which seem to echo natural souds.
答案: 正确
17、 A synchronic description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation.
答案: 正确
18、 Synchronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.
答案: 错误
Chapter Two： Phonetics 第二单元语音学测验
1、 The study of the production of speech sounds is closely connected with ______.
答案: articulatory phonetics
2、 The study of the perception of speech sounds is closely connected with .
答案: auditory phonetics
3、 Pair _____ doesn’t form a minimal pair.
答案: cat and act
4、 The classification and description of English consonants are based on _______.
答案: the place and manner of articulation
5、 According to the manner of articulation, [m] is a _____.
答案: nasal
6、 In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t], [n], [z] share the feature of ______.
答案: alveolar
7、 Which of the following sounds is a palatal?
答案: [ j ]
8、 The two sounds [ p ] and [ b ] share the same place and manner of articulation, but they are distinguished by _.
答案: voicing
9、 The voiceless bilabial stop in English is _______.
答案: [ p ]
10、 The voiceless alveolar fricative in English is __.
答案: [s]
11、 The difference between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of the airstream.
答案: 正确
12、 According to the manner of articulation, [s] is a alveolar.
答案: 错误
13、 /d/ is a voiced alveolar stop.
答案: 正确
14、 Velar sounds are made with the back of the tongue raised to touch the velum.
答案: 正确
15、 When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be voiced.
答案: 错误
16、 Vowels are sounds produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede or completely shut off the flow of the air in the oral cavity.
答案: 错误
17、 The high front tense unrounded vowel in English is [i:].
答案: 正确
18、 Vowels are sounds produced without obstruction, so no turbulence or a total stopping of the air can be perceived.
答案: 正确
Chapter Three： Phonology 第三单元音系学测验
1、 A(n) _____ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
答案: phoneme
2、 The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ____ of that phoneme.
答案: allophones
3、 Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be _____.
答案: in phonemic contrast
4、 The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones ______.
答案: similar
5、 The fact that the vowel in lamb has some quality of the following nasal is a phenomenon we call .
答案: nasalization
6、 In coarticulation, if the sound becomes more like the following sound, as in lamb, it is known as .
答案: anticipatory coarticulation
7、 Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ______.
答案: suprasegmental features
8、 A(n) _____ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
答案: phoneme
9、 In a syllable, a vowel often serves as ______.
答案: peak or nucleus
10、 The word “digitalization” consists of _ syllables.
答案: six
11、 Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.
答案: 正确
12、 Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.
答案: 错误
13、 In the word peak, /p/ is unaspirated, phonetically transcribed as [p].
答案: 错误
14、 In English, the distinction between aspirated [pʰ] and unaspirated [p] is not phonemic.
答案: 正确
15、 Aspiration is a distinctive feature in English.
答案: 错误
16、 In phonetic terms, phonemic transcriptions represent the “narrow” transcription.
答案: 错误
17、 Speech is a continuous process, so the vocal organs do not move from one sound segment to the next in a series of separate steps.
答案: 正确
Chapter Four： Morphology 第四单元形态学测验
1、 Derivational affixes are bound morphemes added to existing form to construct new words. English derivational affixes are divided into __and _.
答案: prefixes, suffixes
2、 In the word “unavailability”, __ is the root.
答案: avail
3、 In today’s grammar we normally say that English does not have a “future tense”. This is because in English ____.
答案: the future is not expressed by morphological change
4、 The morpheme “vision” in the word “television” is a(n)______.
答案: free morpheme
5、 Which of the following ways of word-formation does not change the grammatical class of the stem?
答案: inflection
6、 ____can best describe the word formation processes of the following groups words: table–tables, influenza–flu.
答案: Inflection and abbreviation
7、 ____can best describe the word formation rules of the following group of words: to burgle (from burglar), Eurodollar (from European + dollar).
答案: Back-formation and blending
8、 Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only?
答案: ecology
9、 refers to the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without loss of identity. That is to say, it is that part of the word that is left when all the affixes are removed.
答案: Root
10、 The different morphs that represent or which are derived from one morpheme are called the of that morpheme.
答案: allomorphs
11、 Morpheme is the minimal unit of meaning.
答案: 正确
12、 –ing is an “inflectional suffix”.
答案: 正确
13、 Stems in English can be classified into derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes.
答案: 错误
14、 The bound morpheme in “apples” is an inflectional morpheme.
答案: 正确
15、 ”Although“ is an open-class word.
答案: 错误
16、 A morpheme, like a phoneme, is a linguistic abstraction, which must be realized as certain phonetic forms or variants in different phonetic environments.
答案: 正确
17、 “Invention” is a form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.
答案: 错误
18、 Derivaiton does not change the grammatical class of the stem.
答案: 错误
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